qpandalite.backend module#

Unified backend management for quantum computing platforms.

This module provides a centralized Backend management system with: - Abstract base class QuantumBackend defining a unified interface - Factory pattern for backend instance creation/retrieval - Caching mechanism for backend instances - Integration with existing adapters (OriginQ, Quafu, IBM)

Usage:

# Get or create a backend instance backend = get_backend('originq')

# List all available backends available = list_backends()

# Submit a circuit task_id = backend.submit(circuit, shots=1000)

# Query task status result = backend.query(task_id)

class qpandalite.backend.IBMBackend(name=None, config=None, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

基类：QuantumBackend

Backend for IBM Quantum via Qiskit.

This backend connects to IBM Quantum services for executing quantum circuits on IBM quantum computers and simulators.

Proxy Configuration:: Proxies can be configured in multiple ways (in priority order): 1. Explicit config dict passed to constructor 2. Environment variables (HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY) 3. qpandalite.yml configuration file

示例

>>> # Using config file
>>> backend = get_backend('ibm')
>>> # Check proxy availability
>>> backend.check_proxy()
True
>>> # Test IBM connectivity
>>> result = backend.test_connectivity()
>>> print(result['success'])
True

参数:

name (str | None)
config (dict[str, Any] | None)
cache_dir (Path | str | None)

check_proxy()[源代码]

Check if the configured proxy is available.

返回:: True if proxy is configured and reachable, False otherwise.
返回类型:: bool

备注

If no proxy is configured, returns True (direct connection).

get_proxy_config()[源代码]

Get the current proxy configuration.

返回:: Dict with 'http' and/or 'https' proxy URLs, or None if not configured.
返回类型:: dict[str, str] | None

platform: ClassVar[str] = 'ibm'

test_connectivity()[源代码]

Test connectivity to IBM Quantum services.

返回:

{: 'success': bool, 'message': str, 'proxy_used': dict | None, 'response_time_ms': float | None,

}

返回类型:

dict with connectivity test results

class qpandalite.backend.OriginQBackend(name=None, config=None, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

基类：QuantumBackend

Backend for OriginQ Cloud (本源量子云).

This backend connects to the OriginQ Cloud service for executing quantum circuits on OriginQ quantum computers and simulators.

参数:

name (str | None)
config (dict[str, Any] | None)
cache_dir (Path | str | None)

platform: ClassVar[str] = 'originq'

class qpandalite.backend.QuafuBackend(name=None, config=None, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

基类：QuantumBackend

Backend for BAQIS Quafu (ScQ) quantum cloud platform.

This backend connects to the Quafu service for executing quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computers.

参数:

name (str | None)
config (dict[str, Any] | None)
cache_dir (Path | str | None)

VALID_CHIP_IDS = frozenset({'Dongling', 'ScQ-P10', 'ScQ-P10C', 'ScQ-P136', 'ScQ-P18'})

platform: ClassVar[str] = 'quafu'

validate_chip_id(chip_id)[源代码]

Validate if the chip ID is valid for Quafu.

参数:: chip_id (str) -- The chip identifier to validate.
返回:: True if the chip ID is valid.
返回类型:: bool

class qpandalite.backend.QuantumBackend(name=None, config=None, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

基类：ABC

Abstract base class for quantum backend management.

This class provides a unified interface for all quantum computing backends, wrapping the underlying adapters and providing caching capabilities.

参数:

name (str | None)
config (dict[str, Any] | None)
cache_dir (Path | str | None)

name: The name of this backend instance.

platform

The platform identifier (e.g., 'originq', 'quafu', 'ibm').

Type:: ClassVar[str]

adapter: The underlying quantum adapter instance.

config: Backend-specific configuration dictionary.

property adapter: QuantumAdapter

Get or create the underlying adapter instance.

返回:: The quantum adapter for this backend.
抛出:: RuntimeError -- If the adapter cannot be initialized.

clear_cache()[源代码]

Clear the cache for this backend instance.

返回类型:: None

get_circuit_adapter()[源代码]

Get the circuit adapter for translating circuits.

返回:: The quantum adapter that handles circuit translation.
返回类型:: QuantumAdapter

classmethod get_instance(name=None, config=None, use_cache=True, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

Get or create a backend instance (factory method).

参数:

name (str | None) -- Optional name for the instance.
config (dict[str, Any] | None) -- Optional configuration dictionary.
use_cache (bool) -- Whether to use/load cache. Defaults to True.
cache_dir (Path | str | None) -- Optional custom cache directory.

返回:

A backend instance.

返回类型:

QuantumBackend

is_available()[源代码]

Check if this backend is available.

返回:: True if the backend is properly configured and ready to use.
返回类型:: bool

classmethod list_available()[源代码]

Check if this backend type is available.

返回:: True if the backend can be instantiated and is configured.
返回类型:: bool

classmethod load_from_cache(cache_dir=None)[源代码]

Load a backend instance from cache.

参数:: cache_dir (Path | str | None) -- Optional custom cache directory path.
返回:: Loaded backend instance or None if cache doesn't exist or is invalid.
返回类型:: 'QuantumBackend' | None

platform: ClassVar[str] = ''

query(task_id)[源代码]

Query a task's status and result.

参数:

task_id (str) -- Task identifier.

返回:

'status': 'success' | 'failed' | 'running'
'result': Execution result (when status is 'success' or 'failed')

返回类型:

Dict with keys

query_batch(task_ids)[源代码]

Query multiple tasks' status and merge results.

参数:: task_ids (list[str]) -- List of task identifiers.
返回:: 'status', 'result' (list of results).
返回类型:: Dict with keys

save_to_cache()[源代码]

Save this backend instance configuration to cache.

返回类型:: None

submit(circuit, *, shots=1000, **kwargs)[源代码]

Submit a circuit to the backend.

参数:

circuit (Any) -- Provider-native circuit object or OriginIR string.
shots (int) -- Number of measurement shots.
**kwargs (Any) -- Additional provider-specific parameters.

返回:

Task ID assigned by the backend.

返回类型:

str

submit_batch(circuits, *, shots=1000, **kwargs)[源代码]

Submit multiple circuits as a batch.

参数:

circuits (list[Any]) -- List of provider-native circuit objects or OriginIR strings.
shots (int) -- Number of measurement shots.
**kwargs (Any) -- Additional provider-specific parameters.

返回:

Task ID(s) assigned by the backend.

返回类型:

str | list[str]

translate_circuit(originir)[源代码]

Translate an OriginIR circuit to the platform's native format.

参数:: originir (str) -- Circuit in OriginIR format.
返回:: Provider-specific circuit object.
返回类型:: Any

qpandalite.backend.get_backend(name, *, config=None, use_cache=True, cache_dir=None)[源代码]

Get or create a backend instance by name.

This is the main factory function for obtaining backend instances. It uses the BACKENDS registry to look up the appropriate backend class and returns a configured instance.

参数:

name (str) -- The platform name ('originq', 'quafu', or 'ibm').
config (dict[str, Any] | None) -- Optional configuration dictionary for the backend.
use_cache (bool) -- Whether to use cache. Defaults to True.
cache_dir (Path | str | None) -- Optional custom cache directory path.

返回:

A configured QuantumBackend instance.

抛出:

ValueError -- If the backend name is not recognized.
RuntimeError -- If the backend cannot be initialized.

返回类型:

QuantumBackend

示例

>>> backend = get_backend('originq')
>>> task_id = backend.submit(circuit, shots=1000)

qpandalite.backend.list_backends()[源代码]

List all available backends and their status.

返回:

{: 'originq': {'available': True, 'platform': 'originq'}, 'quafu': {'available': False, 'platform': 'quafu'}, ...

}

返回类型:

A dictionary mapping backend names to their information

示例

>>> backends = list_backends()
>>> for name, info in backends.items():
...     print(f"{name}: {'available' if info['available'] else 'unavailable'}")